REDHAT LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE Manual

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[Page 1] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Red Hat Linux 7.2 The Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide ...

[Page 2] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

ISBN: N/A Red Hat, Inc. 2600 Meridian Parkway Durham, NC 27713 USA +1 919 547 0012 (Voice) +1 919 547 0024 (FAX) 888 733 4281 (Voice) P.O. Box 13588 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA © 2001 Red Hat, Inc. rhl-cg(EN)-7.2-Print-RHI (2001-08-30T14:29...

[Page 3] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

This manual is dedicated to Carole Williams, a valuable contributor to the Red Hat documentation team. Carole, we wish you all the best in your future endeavors. We miss your wisdom, superior editing skills, ability to write humor into just about any...

[Page 4] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Contents Red Hat Linux 7.2 Introduction................................................................................... xi Document Conventions.................................................................... xi More to Come ......................

[Page 5] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

3.1 What is Rescue Mode? .......................................................... 65 Chapter 4 Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) .71 4.1 What is RAID? .................................................................... 71 4.2 Who Should ...

[Page 6] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Chapter 9 OpenSSH ................................................................. 101 9.1 Why Use OpenSSH?............................................................. 101 9.2 Configuring an OpenSSH Server .............................................

[Page 7] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

14.3 Virtual Hosts Settings ............................................................ 145 14.4 Server Settings ................................................................... 150 14.5 Performance Tuning ...........................................

[Page 8] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

17.7 The floppy Group ................................................................. 186 Chapter 18 Time and Date Configuration................................ 187 18.1 Time and Date Properties ........................................................

[Page 9] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Chapter 22 Automated Tasks.................................................... 227 22.1 Cron................................................................................ 227 22.2 Configuring a Cron Task ...............................................

[Page 10] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Chapter 27 Red Hat Network..................................................... 279 Part V Appendixes....................................................................... 281 Appendix A Building a Custom Kernel..................................... ...

[Page 11] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 0.1:Document Conventions xi Introduction Welcome to the Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide. The Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide contains information on how to customize your Red Hat Linux system to fit your needs. If you ar...

[Page 12] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

xii Introduction Linux commands (and other operating system commands, when used) are represented this way. This style should indicate to you that you can type in the word or phrase on the command line and press [Enter] to invoke a command. Sometimes ...

[Page 13] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 0.1:Document Conventions xiii Select the Require Password checkbox if you would like your screensaver to require a password before stopping. top level of a menu on a GUI screen or window When you see a word in this style, it indicates that th...

[Page 14] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

xiv Introduction Text that the user has to type, either on the command line, or into a text box on a GUI screen, is displayed in this style. In the following example, text is displayed in this style: To boot your system into the text based installati...

[Page 15] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 0.3:Sign Up for Support xv WARNING If you choose not to partition manually, a server installation will remove all existing partitions on all installed hard drives. Do not choose this installation class unless you are sure you have no data you...

[Page 16] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

xvi Introduction • Under the Brim: The Official Red Hat E-Newsletter — Every month, get the latest news and product information directly from Red Hat. To sign up, go to http://www.redhat.com/apps/activate/. You will find your Product ID on a blac...

[Page 17] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Part I Installation-Related Reference ...

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...

[Page 19] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.2:How Do You Perform a Kickstart Installation? 19 1 Kickstart Installations 1.1 What are Kickstart Installations? Many system administrators would prefer to use an automated installation method to install Red Hat Linux on their machines. To...

[Page 20] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

20 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations • On a boot disk • On a network Normally a kickstart file is copied to the boot disk, or made available on the network. The net- work-based approach is most commonly used, as most kickstart installations tend ...

[Page 21] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.3:Starting a Kickstart Installation 21 If the filename returned by the BOOTP/DHCP server ends with a slash ("/"), then it is interpreted as a path only. In this case, the client system mounts that path using NFS, and searches for ...

[Page 22] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

22 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations The installation program will look for the kickstart file on the HTTP server <server>:, as file <path>. The installation program will use DHCP to configure the Ethernet card. For example, if your HTTP ...

[Page 23] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.4:The Kickstart File 23 system through the eth1 device, use the command ks=nfs: <server:> / <path> ksde- vice=eth1 at the boot: prompt. 1.4 The Kickstart File Now that you have some background information on kickstart installati...

[Page 24] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

24 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations If any other items are specified for an upgrade, those items will be ignored (note that this includes package selection). 1.5 Kickstart Options The following options can be placed in a kickstart file. If you prefe...

[Page 25] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 25 To use this option, you must have the nss_ldap package installed. You must also spec- ify a server and a base DN. --enableldapauth Use LDAP as an authentication method. This enables the pam_ldap module for authen- tic...

[Page 26] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

26 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations Enable Hesiod support for looking up user home directories, UIDs, and shells. More information on setting up and using Hesiod on your network is in /usr/share/doc/glibc-2.x.x/README.hesiod, which is included in th...

[Page 27] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 27 --smbservers= 1 The name of the server(s) to use for SMB authentication. To specify more than one server, separate the names with commas (,). --smbworkgroup= 1 The name of the workgroup for the SMB servers. --enableca...

[Page 28] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

28 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations If using LILO, use the linear LILO option; this is only for backwards compatibility (and linear is now used by default). --nolinear If using LILO, use the nolinear LILO option; linear is the default. --lba32 If us...

[Page 29] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 29 <type> should be one of "scsi" or "eth", and <moduleName> is the name of the kernel module which should be installed. --opts Options to pass to the kernel module. Note that multiple opt...

[Page 30] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

30 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations • --high • --medium • --disabled --trust <device> Listing a device here, such as eth0, allows all traffic coming from that device to go through the firewall. To list more than one device, use --trust e...

[Page 31] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 31 • --server <server> Server from which to install (hostname or IP). • --dir <dir> Directory containing the Red Hat installation tree. For example: nfs --server <server> --dir <dir> cdrom Ins...

[Page 32] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

32 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations program with the values from the kickstart file. Either accept the values by clicking Next or change the values and click Next to continue. See also Section 1.5.1, autostep . 1.5.12 keyboard keyboard (required) Se...

[Page 33] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 33 Sets the language(s) to install on the system. The same language codes used with lang can be used with langsupport. --default 1 Sets the default language to use for any language-specific aspect of the installed system...

[Page 34] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

34 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations 1.5.16 lilocheck lilocheck (optional) If lilocheck is present, the installation program checks for LILO on the MBR of the first hard drive, and reboots the system if it is found — in this case, no installation i...

[Page 35] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 35 Configures network information for the system. If the kickstart installation does not require networking (in other words, it is not installed over NFS, HTTP, or FTP), networking is not con- figured for the system. If ...

[Page 36] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

36 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations The DHCP method uses a DHCP server system to obtain its networking configuration. As you might guess, the BOOTP method is similar, requiring a BOOTP server to supply the networking configuration. The static method...

[Page 37] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 37 For example, /, /usr, /home swap The partition will be used as swap space. raid.<id> The partition will be used for software RAID (see the Section 1.5.20, raid below). --size <size> The minimum partition s...

[Page 38] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

38 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations <N> represents the number of bytes per inode on the filesystem when it is created. It must be given in decimal format. This option is useful for applications where you want to increase the number of inodes o...

[Page 39] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 39 raid <mntpoint> --level <level> --device <mddevice><partitions*> The <mntpoint> is the location where the RAID filesystem is mounted. If it is /, the RAID level must be 1 unless a boot pa...

[Page 40] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

40 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations 1.5.21 reboot reboot (optional) Reboot after the installation is complete (no arguments). Normally, kickstart displays a message and waits for the user to press a key before rebooting. 1.5.22 rootpw rootpw (requir...

[Page 41] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 41 1.5.26 upgrade upgrade (optional) Tells the system to upgrade an existing system rather than install a fresh system. 1.5.27 xconfig xconfig (optional) Configures the X Window System. If this option is not given, the u...

[Page 42] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

42 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations --resolution <res> 1 Specify the default resolution for the X Window System on the installed system. Valid val- ues are 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1152x864, 1280x1024, 1400x1050, 1600x1200. Be sure to speci...

[Page 43] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 43 Lines beginning with ? Lines that begin with a ? are used by the installation program and should not be altered. Lines beginning with --hide If a package name begins with --hide, you only need to type in the package n...

[Page 44] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

44 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations command. Note that you can access the network in the %pre section; however, name service has not been configured at this point, so only IP addresses will work. Here’s an example %pre section: %pre # add comment ...

[Page 45] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 1.5:Kickstart Options 45 # add another nameserver echo "nameserver 10.10.0.2" >> /etc/resolv.conf Note The post-install script is run in a chroot environment; therefore, performing tasks such as copying scripts or RPMs from th...

[Page 46] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

46 Chapter 1:Kickstart Installations ...

[Page 47] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.1:Basic Configuration 47 2 Kickstart Configurator Kickstart Configurator allows you to create a kickstart file using a graphical user interface, so that you do not have to remember the correct syntax of the file. After choosing the kickstar...

[Page 48] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

48 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator Choose the language to use during the installation from the Language menu. Choose the language to use after installation from the Language Support menu. Select the system keyboard type from the Keyboard menu. Choos...

[Page 49] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.2:Boot Loader Options 49 2.2 Boot Loader Options Figure 2–2 Boot Loader Options You have the option of installing GRUB or LILO as the boot loader. If you do not want to install a boot loader, uncheck the Install Boot Loader checkbutton. I...

[Page 50] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

50 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator If you choose GRUB as the boot loader, you can password protect it by configuring a GRUB password. Enter a password in the Use GRUB Password text entry area. 2.3 Installation Method Figure 2–3 Installation Method...

[Page 51] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.3:Installation Method 51 • FTP — Choose this option if you wish to install Red Hat Linux from an FTP server. Two text en- try boxes for the FTP server and FTP directory will appear. Enter the fully-qualified domain name or IP address of...

[Page 52] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

52 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator 2.4 Partition Information Figure 2–4 Partition Information To clear the Master Boot Record, select Yes beside the option on the top of the page. You can choose to keep the existing partitions, remove all the exis...

[Page 53] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.4:Partition Information 53 • Use an existing partition. • Format the partition as the chosen filesystem type. Figure 2–5 Creating Partitions To edit an existing partition, select the partition from the list and click the Edit button. ...

[Page 54] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

54 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator 2.5 Network Configuration Figure 2–6 Network Configuration There are three network configuration options: DHCP, Static IP, and None. If there is not an ethernet card in the system, choose None. Networking is only...

[Page 55] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.6:Authentication 55 2.6 Authentication Figure 2–7 Authentication In the Authentication section, select whether to use shadow passwords and md5 encryption for user passwords. These options are highly recommended and chosen by default. The ...

[Page 56] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

56 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator 2.7 Firewall Configuration Figure 2–8 Firewall Configuration The Firewall Configuration page is identical to the screen in the Red Hat Linux installation program and provides the same functionality. Choose betwee...

[Page 57] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.8:X Configuration 57 2.8.1 General Figure 2–9 X Configuration - General The first step in configuring X is to choose the default color depth and resolution. Select them from their respective pulldown menus. Be sure to specify a color dept...

[Page 58] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

58 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator 2.8.2 Video Card Select the video card from the list on the Video Card tab as shown in Figure 2–10, X Configuration - Video Card. Also select the amount of video RAM the selected video card has from the Video Car...

[Page 59] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.8:X Configuration 59 Figure 2–11 X Configuration - Monitor ...

[Page 60] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

60 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator 2.9 Package Selection Figure 2–12 Package Selection The Package Selection page allows you to choose which package categories to install. Currently, Kickstart Configurator does not allow you to select individual p...

[Page 61] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.10:Pre-Installation Script 61 2.10 Pre-Installation Script Figure 2–13 Pre-Installation Script You can add commands to run on the system immediately after the kickstart file has been parsed and before the installation begins. If you have ...

[Page 62] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

62 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator 2.11 Post-Installation Script Figure 2–14 Post-Installation Script You can also add commands to execute on the system after the installation is completed. If you have properly configured the network in the kickst...

[Page 63] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 2.11:Post-Installation Script 63 2.11.1 Chroot Environment If you want your post-installation script to run outside of the chroot environment, click the checkbut- ton next to this option on the top of the Post-Installation page. This is equiv...

[Page 64] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

64 Chapter 2:Kickstart Configurator /usr/sbin/useradd bob /usr/bin/chfn -f "Bob Smith" bob /usr/sbin/usermod -p ’kjdf$04930FTH/ ’ bob 2.12 Saving the File After you have finished choosing your kickstart options, click the Save File butt...

[Page 65] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 3.1:What is Rescue Mode? 65 3 Rescue Mode When things go wrong, there are ways to fix problems. However, these methods require that you understand the system well. This chapter will describe the ways that you can boot into rescue mode and sin...

[Page 66] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

66 Chapter 3:Rescue Mode 3.1.2 Hardware/Software Problems This category includes a wide variety of different situations. Two examples include failing hard drives and forgetting to run LILO after building a new kernel (if you are using LILO as your bo...

[Page 67] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 3.1:What is Rescue Mode? 67 Once you have your system in rescue mode, a prompt appears on VC (virtual console) 1 and VC 2 (use the [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F1] key combination to access VC 1 and [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F2] key combination to access VC 2): bash# I...

[Page 68] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

68 Chapter 3:Rescue Mode ftp mformat open umount gnome-pty-helper minfo pico uncpio grep mkdir ping uniq gunzip mke2fs probe zcat 3.1.4 Booting Single-User Mode Directly You may be able to boot single-user mode directly. If your system boots, but doe...

[Page 69] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 3.1:What is Rescue Mode? 69 Replace the XX in /dev/hd XX with the appropriate letter and number for your root partition. What does this command do? First, it starts the boot process in single-user mode, with the root par- tition set to your r...

[Page 70] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

70 Chapter 3:Rescue Mode ...

[Page 71] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 4.3:Hardware RAID versus Software RAID 71 4 Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) 4.1 What is RAID? The basic idea behind RAID is to combine multiple small, inexpensive disk drives into an array to accomplish performance or redundancy g...

[Page 72] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

72 Chapter 4:Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) An example of a Hardware RAID device would be one that connects to a SCSI controller and presents the RAID arrays as a single SCSI drive. An external RAID system moves all RAID handling "i...

[Page 73] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 4.4:RAID Levels and Linear Support 73 • Level 0 — RAID level 0, often called "striping," is a performance-oriented striped data mapping technique. This means the data being written to the array is broken down into strips and wri...

[Page 74] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

74 Chapter 4:Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) the capacity of member disks, minus the capacity of one member disk. The storage capacity of Software RAID level 5 is equal to the capacity of the member partitions, minus the size of one of th...

[Page 75] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Software RAID Configuration 75 5 Software RAID Configuration Read Chapter 4, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) first to learn about RAID and the differences between Hardware and Software RAID and the differences between RAID 0, 1, and 5. So...

[Page 76] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

76 Chapter 5:Software RAID Configuration • for Allowable Drives, select the drive on which RAID will be created. If you have multiple drives, all drives will be selected here and you must deselect those drives which will not have the RAID array on ...

[Page 77] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Software RAID Configuration 77 Please Note If you are making a RAID partition of /boot, you must choose RAID level 1 and it must use one of the first two drives (IDE first, SCSI second). If you are not creating a RAID partition of /boot, and you are ...

[Page 78] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

78 Chapter 5:Software RAID Configuration Figure 5–3 Creating a RAID Array ...

[Page 79] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Part II Network-Related References ...

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[Page 81] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 6.1:Adding Network Hardware 81 6 Network Configuration Red Hat Linux no longer includes the application netcfg to configure your network devices. The Red Hat Network Administration Tool has replaced netcfg and can be used to configure the dif...

[Page 82] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

82 Chapter 6:Network Configuration Figure 6–1 Network Hardware Configuration 6.1.1 Ethernet You can configure the type of adapter (manufacturer and model) and kernel device name for an Eth- ernet device. The type of adapter you select determines wh...

[Page 83] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 6.2:Adding a Device 83 6.1.4 Token Ring For a token ring device, you can select the type of adapter according to the manufacturer and model of the device. The type of adapter determines which kernel modules (driver) is loaded for the device. ...

[Page 84] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

84 Chapter 6:Network Configuration Figure 6–2 Adding an Ethernet Device 6.2.2 Modem Click the Provider tab to enter the phone number, login, and password for your dial-up account. Use the Compression tab to enable different forms of compression. Th...

[Page 85] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 6.3:Managing DNS Settings 85 obtain an IP address via DHCP. Consult your Internet provider for details. After configuring the Eth- ernet device, add an xDSL device. From the Provider tab, select the appropriate Ethernet device to use to estab...

[Page 86] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

86 Chapter 6:Network Configuration Tip To change lookup order, edit the /etc/host.conf file. The line order hosts, bind specifies that the /etc/hosts takes precedence over the name servers. Changing the line to order bind, hosts configures your syste...

[Page 87] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Basic Firewall Configuration 87 7 Basic Firewall Configuration During the Red Hat Linux installation, you are given the option to choose high, medium or no security level as well as allow specific devices, incoming services, and ports. These levels a...

[Page 88] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

88 Chapter 7:Basic Firewall Configuration 7.1 Basic Figure 7–1 Basic After starting the program, choose the appropriate security level for your system: • High Security — This option disables almost all network connects except DNS replies and DH...

[Page 89] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 7.3:DHCP 89 7.2 Local Hosts If there are Ethernet devices on the system, the Local Hosts page allows you to configure whether the firewall rules apply to connection requests sent to each device. If the device connects the system to a local ar...

[Page 90] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

90 Chapter 7:Basic Firewall Configuration Figure 7–3 DHCP 7.4 Configuring Services GNOME Lokkit also allows you to turn common services on and off. If you answer Yes to configuring services, you are prompted about the following services: • Web Se...

[Page 91] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 7.5:Activating the Firewall 91 Tip To disable other services that you do not need, you can use Serviceconf. See Section 8.3, Serviceconf . 7.5 Activating the Firewall Clicking Finish on the Activate the Firewall page will write the firewall r...

[Page 92] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

92 Chapter 7:Basic Firewall Configuration ...

[Page 93] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Controlling Access to Services 93 8 Controlling Access to Services Maintaining security on your Red Hat Linux system is extremely important. One way to manage security on your system is to carefully manage access to system services. Your system may n...

[Page 94] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

94 Chapter 8:Controlling Access to Services it will then configure a simple firewall for you. Refer to Chapter 7, Basic Firewall Configuration for more information. 8.1 Runlevels Before you can configure access to services, you must understand Linux ...

[Page 95] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 8.3:Serviceconf 95 file takes precedence over the hosts.deny file. Permissions to grant or deny access can be based on individual IP address (or hostnames) or on a pattern of clients. See the Official Red Hat Linux Reference Guide and the hos...

[Page 96] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

96 Chapter 8:Controlling Access to Services Figure 8–1 Serviceconf Serviceconf displays the current runlevel as well as which runlevel you are currently editing. To edit a different runlevel, select Edit Runlevel from the pulldown menu and select r...

[Page 97] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 8.4:ntsysv 97 WARNING When you save changes to xinetd services, xinetd is restarted. When you save changes to other services, the runlevel is reconfigured, but the changes do not take effect immediately. If you check or uncheck the Start at B...

[Page 98] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

98 Chapter 8:Controlling Access to Services WARNING Changes do not take effect immediately after using ntsysv. You must stop or start the individual service with the command service dae- mon stop. In the previous example, replace daemon with the name...

[Page 99] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

Section 8.6:Additional Resources 99 WARNING Changes do not take effect immediately after using chkconfig.You must stop or start the individual service with the command service daemon stop. In the previous example, replace daemon with the name of the ...

[Page 100] Red Hat LINUX 7.2 - OFFICIAL LINUX CUSTOMIZATION GUIDE

100 Chapter 8:Controlling Access to Services ...